Choice of anesthesia for pregnancy with heart disease / 中国实用妇科与产科杂志

Pregnancy with heart disease is one of the serious complications of obstetric diseases,which is the main cause of maternal and neonatal death in perioperative period.The choice of anesthesia for pregnancy with heart disease is mainly based on the condition of the mother and the condition of the fetus in the uterus.Regardless of the choice of anesthesia,the maternal vital signs should be stabilized and the safety of the newborn is the most important thing.This article describes these contents,with a view to guide clinical practice and achieve safe anesthesia.

Pseudoangiosarcomatous squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: a case report with clinicopathological and human papilloma virus analyses / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To further understand the clinicopathological, ultrastructural and molecular features of penile pseudoangiosarcomatous squamous cell carcinoma (PASCC), and improve its diagnosis and treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A 47-year-old male patient with penile PASCC was reported and the relevant literature reviewed. The main clinical manifestations of the patient were a typical surface ulceration with hemorrhage and purulent secretion with a foul smell, a papillary mass about 5.0 cm x 5.0 cm x 4.0 cm for 1 year on the foreskin of the penis, and 3 enlarged bilateral inguinal lymph nodes. CT scanning showed no enlarged lymph nodes in the abdomen and pelvis, and X-ray examination revealed no abnormality in the chest.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The diagnosis was established by biopsy. Partial penectomy and bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy (T2N2M0) were performed, followed by adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy. Two months later, total penectomy was necessitated by penile flap necrosis and local recurrence. Eleven months after the first surgery, the patient died of extensive metastasis to the pelvis and lungs. Under the light microsope, the tumor was mainly composed of vessel-like lacunar reticularis spindle cells and a few local squamous cancer cells. Careful examination revealed some focal areas with evident transition from squamous nests to the more acantholytic areas extending towards the pseudoangiosarcomatous spaces. Pathogenetically, it appeared to be the variant of acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemically, most tumor cells were strongly positive for keratin (AE1/AE3) and focally positive for EMA, with the typical squamous cells focally positive for 34betaE12 and vimentin. The vessels that proliferated in the tumor were decorated by CD31, CD34 and factor VIII-related antigens, but the tumor cells were negative for HMB45, SMA, Desmin and CEA. HPV DNA (HPVpan, HPV6B/11, HPV16/18, HPV31/33) was not detected by in situ hybridization in the primary and metastatic tumors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PASCC is a specific and extremely rare subtype of penile SCC with dramatic similarity to angiosarcoma under the microscope, with poor prognosis. Its diagnosis depends on histopathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies. Such a presentation underscores the importance of timely consultation, early diagnosis and prompt treatment.</p>

Expression of epithelial-cadherin, CD44v6 and connexin43 in hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the expression of epithelial-cadherin (E-cad), CD44v6 and Cx43 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its relationship with sex and age of patients, as well as tumor histopathologic grades.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Double immunofluorescent staining and laser scanning confocal microscopy was used to study the expression of E-cad, CD44v6 and Cx43 in 30 cases of normal liver tissue, 25 cases of benign hepatic lesions and 38 cases of HCC. In the HCC group, correlation of antigen expression with sex and age of patients and tumor histopathologic grades was studied by T-test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Significant decrease in expression of E-cad and Cx43 was noted in HCC group, as compared to normal liver tissue and benign hepatic lesion (P<0.05). On the other hand, CD44v6 expression was higher in HCC group than in the other two groups (P<0.05). In HCC group, the expression of E-cad and Cx43 did not correlate with sex, age and histopathologic grades (P>0.05). However, CD44v6 expression positively correlated with higher tumor histopathologic grades (P<0.05) but not sex and age of patients (P>0.05). In HCC group, the expression of E-cad positively correlated with that of Cx43, while the expression of CD44v6 negatively correlated with that of E-cad and Cx43.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Tumor immunophenotype alters during development and progression of HCC. Low expression of E-cad and Cx43 and high expression of CD44v6 may be related to aggressive clinical behavior of HCC, moreover, high expression of CD44v6 correlated with high tumor grades. Detection of E-cad, CD44v6 and Cx43 expression may thus be useful in predicting prognosis of HCC.</p>

Expression of integrin-linked kinase in prostate cancer and its significance / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in primary prostate cancer and its clinical significance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of ILK was analysed in 50 prostate cancer and 16 benign prostatic hyperplasia samples by immunohistochemical staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive percentage of ILK was 46.0% (23/50) in primary prostate cancer. The higher the grade and the clinical stage of the tumor, the lower the expression of ILK. The positive percentages of ILK were 9.1% (1/11) in the well differentiated type, 56.4% (22/39) in the moderately and poorly differentiated type (chi2 = 12.28, P < 0.01), 24.0% (6/25) in the well and moderately differentiated type, 68.0% (17/25) in the poorly differentiated type (chi2 = 9.74, P < 0.01), 22.6% (7/31) at the A + B stage and 84.0% (16/19) at the C + D stage (chi2 = 11.8, P < 0.01). But in benign prostatic hyperplasia, it was only 6.2% (1/16), significantly lower than in primary prostate cancer (46.0%) (chi2 = 8.27, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The abnormal expression of ILK plays an important role in the development of primary prostate cancer, and the detection of ILK may be useful for the judgement of tumor development and prognosis.</p>